Bourns, Inc.- Rotary Encoders

Bourns, Inc. is a global manufacturer of electronic components, founded in 1947 by Marlan and Rosemary Bourns, with its headquarters in Riverside, California, USA. The company specializes in the design and production of a wide range of passive components, circuit protection devices, and sensors for various industries. Bourns' product portfolio includes trimming potentiometers, precision potentiometers, linear motion potentiometers, and rotary dials, which are widely used in industrial and consumer applications. In the area of circuit protection, Bourns offers thyristor surge protectors, gas discharge tubes, resettable fuses, telecom fuses, and ESD protection products. The company also provides an extensive lineup of inductive components such as transformers, coils, and chokes for power and signal applications. Its resistive product range features chip resistors, chip resistor arrays, and specialty resistors, including current sense and high-power types. Additionally, Bourns manufactures switches, encoders, panel controls, modular contacts, and network interface devices for telecommunications. More recent expansions include microelectronic modules, power semiconductors, and custom integrated passive solutions. Bourns serves key markets like automotive, industrial automation, telecommunications, consumer electronics, and medical equipment. With manufacturing facilities and sales offices around the world, Bourns is recognized as a trusted supplier of high-reliability components, holding a strong position in the niche potentiometer and circuit protection segments.

Rotary Encoders - 型号列表

711 parts in total

Mfr Part #	Quantity Available	Price	Product	Standard Package	RoHS	Output Type	Orientation	Actuator Type	Mounting Type	Termination Style	Detent	Encoder Type	Pulses per Revolution	Product Category	Shaft Detail	Shaft Diameter	Rotational Life (Cycles Min)	Series	Built in Switch	Mechanical Life	Operating Temperature	EU RoHS	Speed	Output	Resolution	Number of Channels	Packaging	Terminal Type	Actuation Force	Torque - Max Momentary (oz-in / mNm)	Index Stops	Programmable	Module/Board Type	Other Specifications	Seal Rating	Shock Resistance	Height	Depth	Voltage - Supply	Number of Positions	Factory Pack Quantity	Length - Overall	Voltage Rating	Voltage - Supply (Min)	Other Names	Mounting Style	Type	Bushing, Grommet Type	Technology	Material	Location	Bushing Thread	Size / Dimension	Material - Insulation	Length - Shaft and Bearing	Rad Hardened	Positions Per Level	Operating Temperature - Junction	Output Signal	Steps per Revolution	Weight	Width	Depth - Overall	Width - Overall	Height - Overall	Height - Seated (Max)	Ingress Protection	Channels	Handle Type	Tolerance	Switch Function	Output Configuration	SVHC	Tariff No	Frequency - Max	Current - Output	Current - Supply	Resolution (Bits)	Current Rating (Max)	Depth Behind Panel	Bearing Type
PEC16-2020F-S0024 ENCODER Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 2.83oz.in Right Angle Quadrature Digital Square Wave 24PPR Through Hole PC Pins ENCODER ROTARY Encoders 20MM SHAFT w/switch bourns	254	1: ¥8.772	Mechanical Encoders	50	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Right Angle	6mm Dia Flatted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	No	Quadrature	24	Encoders	Flat	6	100K	PEC16	Yes	100000	- 30 C to + 70 C	Compliant	100r/min	Quadrature	24 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	2.83oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP40	100G	17.3	31.1	5 V	0	50	16.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEC16-2220F-S0012 ENCODER Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 2.83oz.in Right Angle Quadrature Digital Square Wave 12PPR Through Hole PC Pins ENCODER ROTARY Encoders 20MM SHAFT w/switch bourns	172	1: ¥9.044	Mechanical Encoders	50	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Right Angle	6mm Dia Flatted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	Yes	Quadrature	12	Encoders	Flat	6	100K	PEC16	Yes	100000	- 30 C to + 70 C	Compliant	100r/min	Quadrature	12 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	2.83oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP40	100G	17.3	31.1	5 V	24	-	16.1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEC16-4020F-N0024 ENCODER Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 2.83oz.in Straight Quadrature Digital Square Wave 24PPR Through Hole PC Pins ENCODER ROTARY 24 PULSES/REV PCB Encoders 20MM SHAFT NO switch Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 2.83oz-in Straight Gray Digital Square Wave Through Hole PC Pins 24 bourns	10	1: ¥9.2477	Mechanical Encoders	50	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	6mm Dia Flatted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	No	Quadrature	24	Encoders	Flat	6 mm	100K	PEC16	No	100000	- 30 C to + 70 C	Compliant	100r/min	Quadrature	24 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	2.83oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP40	100G	26.5	20.8	-	0	50	-	-	-	PEC164020FN0024	Through Hole	Mechanical Encoder	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	No	Not Indexed	70C	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEC16-4125F-N0012 ENCODER Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 2.83oz.in Straight Quadrature Digital Square Wave 12PPR Through Hole PC Pins ENCODER ROTARY Encoders 25MM SHAFT NO switch bourns	193	1: ¥7.344	Mechanical Encoders	50	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	6mm Dia Flatted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	Yes	Quadrature	12	Encoders	Flat	6	100K	PEC16	No	100000	- 30 C to + 70 C	Compliant	100r/min	Quadrature	12 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	2.83oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	No Switch	IP40	100G	31.5	20.8	5 V	12	50	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
EMS22A50-M25-LD6 Encoders Absolute Encoder IC ENCODER ABS MAGNETIC Bourns	30	1: ¥407.932	Magnetic Encoders	42	RoHS Compliant	Binary (Absolute)	Vertical	6mm Dia Flatted End	Panel Mount	Solder Pin	No	Magnetic	1024	Encoders	6 mm Diameter Flatted	1/4 in	-	EMS22A	-	New Product: New from this manufacturer.	- 40 C to + 125 C	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5 VDC	-	-	-	-	-	-	Through Hole	Absolute	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.388014 oz	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
6 ENC1J-D28-L00128L ,HAZMAT Optical Encoder Rotary Incremental Plain 1.5oz.in Straight Digital Square Wave Bracket Mount PC Pins 512PPR ENCODER OPTICAL ROTARY 128 CPR Bourns Optical Quadrature Rotary Encoder, 3000rpm, 128ppr, 5V dc, IP40 Encoders 1/8 Plain End Axial ENCODER,ROTARYOPTICAL,5.0VDC+/-0.25 Encoder 128 ppr ø 3.18 mm, ENC1J-D28-L00128L, Bourns Bourns 2 位光编码器 , 128 ppr, 末端轴, 5 V 直流 bourns	41	1: ¥432.48	Optical Encoders	1	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/8" Dia Round End	Bracket Mount	PC Pin	No	Digital Square Wave	512	Encoders	Plain	1/8 in	10M	EN	No	10000000	+75°C	Compliant	300r/min	Quadrature	2 bit	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	1.5oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP40	50G	47.08	15.88	5VDC	-	1	15.88mm	4.75V	5.25V	-	-	-	末端	Optical	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Quadrature	128	-	21.21mm	15.88mm	21.21mm	47.05mm	47.05mm	IP40	2	ø 3.18 mm	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
ECW1J-C28-BC0024L Digital Contacting Encoder Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 2.25oz.in Straight Quadrature Digital Square Wave 96PPR Bracket Mount PC Pins ENCODER DIGITAL CONT Encoders DIGITAL CONTACTING ENCODER bourns	214	1: ¥21.692	Mechanical Encoders	Trays	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Flatted End	Bracket Mount	PC Pin	Yes	Quadrature	96	Encoders	Flat	1/4 in	200K	ECW	No	200000	-40 to 85 °C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	24 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	2.25oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	No Switch	IP40	50G	31.22	-	-	24	-	23.37	10VDC	-	ECW1JC28BC0024L	-	Contacting Encoder	9 mm x 1/4 in.	Rotary	-	-	M9 x 0.75	28.5 mm x 22 mm	Plastic	7/8 in	-	-	-	-	24	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	200k	No	Panel, PCB Through Hole	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
ECW0D-C24-BC0006L Digital Contacting Encoder Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 2.25oz.in Straight Quadrature Digital Square Wave 24PPR Bracket Mount PC Pins ENCODER INCREMENTAL 6CPR Encoders DIGITAL CONTACTING ENCODER Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 2.25oz-in Straight Gray Digital Square Wave Solder Pin bourns	232	1: ¥26.656	Mechanical Encoders	Trays	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Flatted End	Bracket Mount	PC Pin	Yes	Quadrature	24	Encoders	Flat	1/4 in	200K	ECW	No	200000	-40 to 85 °C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	6 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	2.25oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	No Switch	IP40	50G	33.02	-	-	24	-	23.37	10VDC	-	-	Bracket	Contacting Encoder	9 mm x 1/4 in.	Rotary	-	-	M9 x 0.75	28.5 mm x 22 mm	Plastic	3/4 in	No	Not Indexed	85C	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
ECW0J-B24-CC0006L DIGITAL CONTACTING ENCODER,HAZMAT Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Plain with Slot 2.25oz.in Straight Quadrature Digital Square Wave 24PPR Through Hole PC Pins ENCODER DIGITAL CONT Encoders DIGITAL CONTACTING ENCODER bourns	166	1: ¥27.54	Mechanical Encoders	45	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Slotted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	Yes	Quadrature	24	Encoders	Plain with Slot	1/4 in	200K	ECW	No	200000	- 40 C to + 85 C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	6 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	2.25oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	No Switch	IP40	50G	-	26.975	-	24	45	-	10VDC	-	ECW0JB24CC0006L	Panel	Contacting Encoder	9 mm x 1/4 in.	Rotary	-	-	M9 x 0.75	28.5 mm x 22 mm	Plastic	3/4 in	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
ECW1J-B28-AC0024L DIGITAL CONTACTING ENCODER,HAZMAT Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Plain with Slot 2.25oz.in Straight Quadrature Digital Square Wave 96PPR Panel Mount PC Pins ENCODER DIGITAL CONT 24 CPR Encoders DIGITAL CONTACTING ENCODER Encoder,Digital,Contacting bourns	270	1: ¥27.54	Mechanical Encoders	45	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Slotted End	Panel Mount	PC Pin	Yes	Quadrature	96	Encoders	Plain with Slot	1/4 in	200K	ECW	No	200000	- 40 C to + 85 C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	24 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	2.25oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	No Switch	IP40	50G	30.71	28.49	-	24	45	-	10VDC	-	ECW1JB28AC0024L	Panel	Contacting Encoder	9 mm x 1/4 in.	Rotary	-	-	M9 x 0.75	28.5 mm x 22 mm	Plastic	7/8 in	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5 EM14A1D-C24-L008S ROTARY OPTICAL ENCODER-14MM,AXIAL,8PPR,PUSH SWITCH,HAZMAT Optical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 1.5oz.in Straight Digital Square Wave Through Hole PC Pins 8PPR ENCODER OPT ROTARY 8PPR W/SW Bourns Incremental Quadrature Rotary Encoder, 120rpm, 8ppr, 5V dc, IP54 Encoders 14MM Axial ENCODER, INCREMENTAL, 2CH, 120RPM QRATE Bourns 2 位增量编码器 , 8 ppr, 偏平轴, 5 V 直流 bourns	54	1: ¥136.136	Optical Encoders	25	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Flatted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	Yes	Digital Square Wave	8	Encoders	Flat	6.35	200K	EM14	Yes	100000	+70°C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	2 bit	2	Tube	PC Pins	Rotary	1.5oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP54	50G	29.08	14.25	5VDC	32	25	14.76	4.75V	5.25V	EM14A1DC24L008S	-	-	-	Incremental	Metal	Shaft	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Quadrature	-	0.05	-	32.05mm	14.25mm	14.76mm	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	:No SVHC (20-Jun-2013)	85364900	:120rpm	:25mA	:26mA	:8	:25mA	:10.03mm	-
ENA1D-B20-L00128L ,HAZMAT Optical Encoder Rotary Incremental Plain 1.5oz.in Straight Digital Square Wave Bracket Mount PC Pins 512PPR ENCODER OPT ROTARY Encoders 128CPR AXIAL bourns	10	42: ¥159.802	Optical Encoders	1	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Round End	Bracket Mount	PC Pin	No	Digital Square Wave	512	Encoders	Plain	6.35	10M	EN	No	10000000	- 40 C to + 75 C	Compliant	300r/min	Quadrature	128 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	1.5oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	No Switch	IP40	50G	43.91	15.88	5VDC	-	-	21.21	4.75V	5.25V	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
ENS1J-B28-L00064L ,HAZMAT Optical Encoder Rotary Incremental Plain 0.1oz.in Straight Digital Square Wave Bracket Mount PC Pins 256PPR ENCODER OPTICAL ROTARY 64 CPR Encoders 64CPR AXIAL bourns	48	1: ¥457.64	Optical Encoders	1	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Round End	Bracket Mount	PC Pin	No	Digital Square Wave	256	Encoders	Plain	1/4 in	200M	EN	No	200000000	- 40 C to + 75 C	Compliant	3000r/min	Quadrature	64 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	0.1oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	No Switch	IP40	50G	50.26	15.88	5VDC	-	-	21.21	4.75V	5.25V	ENS1JB28L00064L	Panel	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Ball
EM14R1D-M20-R008N ROTARY OPTICAL ENCODER-14MM,RADIAL,32 PPR,20MM,NO SW,HAZMAT Optical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 1.5oz.in Right Angle Digital Square Wave Through Hole PC Pins 8PPR ENCODER OPT ROTARY Encoders 8PPR RADIAL NO SWITCH bourns	10	100: ¥84.592	Optical Encoders	25	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	6mm Dia Slotted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	Yes	Digital Square Wave	8	Encoders	Flat	6	200K	EM14	No	100000	- 40 C to + 70 C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	8 PPR	2	Tube	PC Pins	Rotary	1.5oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP54	50G	14.25	30.03	5V	32	-	14.76	4.75V	5.25V	-	-	-	-	-	Metal	Shaft	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
EM14A0D-B28-L032S ROTARY OPTICAL ENCODER - 14MM Optical Encoder Rotary Incremental Slot 1.5oz.in Straight Digital Square Wave Through Hole PC Pins 32PPR ENCODER OPT ROTARY 32PPR W/SW Encoders 32PPR AXIAL STANDARD SWITCH bourns	10	100: ¥87.2807	Optical Encoders	25	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Slotted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	No	Digital Square Wave	32	Encoders	Slot	6.35	1M	EM14	Yes	1000000	- 40 C to + 70 C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	32 PPR	2	Tube	PC Pins	Rotary	1.5oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP54	50G	32.25	14.25	5VDC	0	25	14.76	4.75V	5.25V	-	-	-	-	-	Metal	Shaft	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
EM14A1B-C24-L032S ROTARY OPTICAL ENCODER - 14MM Optical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 1.5oz.in Straight Digital Square Wave Bracket Mount PC Pins 32PPR ENCODER OPT ROTARY Encoders 32PPR AXIAL STANDARD SWITCH bourns	10	135: ¥99.6914	Optical Encoders	45	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Flatted End	Bracket Mount	PC Pin	Yes	Digital Square Wave	32	Encoders	Flat	6.35 mm	200K	EM14	Yes	100000	- 40 C to + 70 C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	32 PPR	2	Tube	PC Pins	Rotary	1.5oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP54	50G	29.62	15.16	5VDC	32	25	17.17	4.75V	5.25V	-	Bracket	Optical Encoder	-	-	Metal	Shaft	-	-	-	-	No	Not Indexed	70C	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
EM14A1D-B24-L032S ROTARY OPTICAL ENCODER - 14MM Optical Encoder Rotary Incremental Slot 1.5oz.in Straight Digital Square Wave Through Hole PC Pins 32PPR ENCODER OPT ROTARY Encoders 32PPR AXIAL STANDARD SWITCH bourns	10	100: ¥92.6847	Optical Encoders	25	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/4" Dia Slotted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	Yes	Digital Square Wave	32	Encoders	Slot	6.35	200K	EM14	Yes	100000	- 40 C to + 70 C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	32 PPR	2	Tube	PC Pins	Rotary	1.5oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP54	50G	29.08	14.25	5VDC	32	25	14.76	4.75V	5.25V	-	-	-	-	-	Metal	Shaft	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
EM14C1D-E28-L032S ROTARY OPTICAL ENCODER - 14MM Encoders ROTARY OPTICAL ENCODER - 14MM ENCODER OPT ROTARY WO/SW bourns	10	100: ¥92.6847	Optical Encoders	25	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	1/8" Dia Slotted End	Panel, PCB Through Hole	PC Pin	Yes	Optical	32	-	-	-	200K	-	Yes	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5V	-	25	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
EM14R0D-R20-L032S ROTARY OPTICAL ENCODER - 14MM Optical Encoder Rotary Incremental Slot 1.5oz.in Straight Digital Square Wave Through Hole PC Pins 32PPR ENCODER OPT ROTARY 32PPR W/SW Encoders 14MM Axial Bourns 2 位光编码器 , 32 ppr, 开槽轴, 5 V 直流 bourns	10	1: ¥236.6499	Optical Encoders	25	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	6mm Dia Slotted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	No	Digital Square Wave	32	Encoders	Slot	6	1M	EM14	Yes	1000000	- 40 C to + 70 C	Compliant	120r/min	Quadrature	32 PPR	2	Tube	PC Pins	Rotary	1.5oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	Yes	IP54	50G	30.03	14.25	5VDC	0	25	30.57mm	4.75V	5.25V	EM14R0DR20L032S	-	-	开槽	-	Metal	Shaft	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	CMOS, HCMOS, TTL	32	-	14.25mm	-	-	-	14.99mm	IP54	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
PEC16-4230F-N0024 ENCODER Mechanical Encoder Rotary Incremental Flat 2.83oz.in Straight Quadrature Digital Square Wave 24PPR Through Hole PC Pins ENCODER ROTARY Encoders 30MM SHAFT NO switch bourns	174	1: ¥6.664	Mechanical Encoders	50	Lead free / RoHS Compliant	Quadrature (Incremental)	Vertical	6mm Dia Flatted End	Through Hole	PC Pin	Yes	Quadrature	24	Encoders	Flat	6	100K	PEC16	No	100000	- 30 C to + 70 C	Compliant	100r/min	Quadrature	24 PPR	2	Bulk	PC Pins	Rotary	2.83oz.in	Not Indexed	No	No	No Switch	IP40	100G	36.5	20.8	5 V	24	50	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-